T cells are the attacking cells that fight off infection directly.Lymphocytes are the other type of white blood cell and also comes in two forms:.Neutrophils are the more common type of white blood cell and is the sort that is a ‘quick response’ cell to infection.Basophils secrete chemicals to help fight allergies and infectious agents.Eosinophils attack parasites and cancer cells and assist with allergic response.They fight certain infections and help other white blood cells remove dead and damaged tissues. Monocytes are the largest cells of the blood.There are five subtypes of white blood cell. White blood cells (also called leucocytes) fight off infection by attacking germs like bacteria and viruses that invade the body.The role of haemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the body’s tissues in the blood cells. Red blood cells (also called erythrocytes) contain a substance called haemoglobin, which is what gives blood its colour.Each type of blood cell has a specific job to do in the body: This page from Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) describes the sort of things that blood tests can show and how they are checked in our laboratory.Blood is made up of blood cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. Many visits to hospital involve taking blood samples – we have lots of staff who are trained and experienced in taking blood – as well as nurses and health care assistants, we also have a team of phlebotomists. If kidney damage is a concern, ask your doctor what factors may be contributing to the damage and what steps you can take to try to control them.Looking closely at a sample of blood in the laboratory can tell doctors a lot about our general health. Certain medications, such as some antibiotics.

Congestive heart failure or recent heart attack.Dehydration, resulting from not drinking enough fluids or for other reasons.Generally, a high BUN level means your kidneys aren't working well. Infants have lower levels than other people do, and the range in children varies. Urea nitrogen levels tend to increase with age. In general, around 6 to 24 mg/dL (2.1 to 8.5 mmol/L) is considered normal.īut normal ranges may vary, depending on the reference range used by the lab and your age. Results of the BUN test are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in the United States and in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) internationally. You can return to your usual activities immediately. The blood sample is sent to a lab for analysis. What you can expectĭuring the BUN test, a member of your health care team takes a sample of blood by inserting a needle into a vein in your arm. Your doctor will give you specific instructions. If your blood sample will be used for additional tests, you may need to fast for a certain amount of time before the test. If your blood sample is being tested only for BUN, you can eat and drink normally before the test. The GFR estimates the percentage of kidney function you have.

To do this, you may have a blood sample taken to calculate your estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Your doctor may also test how well your kidneys are removing waste from the blood. High levels of creatinine in your blood may be a sign of kidney damage. Creatinine is another waste product that healthy kidneys filter out of your body through urine. If kidney problems are the main concern, the creatinine levels in your blood will likely also be measured when your blood is tested for urea nitrogen levels. As part of a blood test group to help diagnose a number of other conditions, such as liver damage, urinary tract obstruction, congestive heart failure or gastrointestinal bleeding - although an abnormal BUN test result alone doesn't confirm any of these conditions.To help determine the effectiveness of dialysis treatment if you're receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.If your kidney function needs to be evaluated, especially if you have a chronic condition such as diabetes or high blood pressure.If your doctor suspects that you have kidney disease or damage.The filtered waste products leave your body through urine.Ī BUN test can reveal whether your urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal, suggesting that your kidneys may not be working properly.

Healthy kidneys filter urea and remove other waste products from your blood.

The urea travels from your liver to your kidneys through your bloodstream.

The nitrogen combines with other elements, such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, to form urea, which is a chemical waste product.

Your liver produces ammonia - which contains nitrogen - after it breaks down proteins used by your body's cells.

Bun pediatric normal range